Saygin Celen
6 min readNov 14, 2024

COP29 in Baku: How to Secure $2 Trillion for Climate Action in the Developing World

Each year, the Conference of the Parties (COP) convenes to address one of humanity’s most pressing issues: climate change.

What started in 1995 has now become an annual event that gathers world leaders, scientists, activists, and policy makers to discuss the progress and policies needed to mitigate the devastating effects of global warming.

In 2015, at COP21 in Paris, nations reached a groundbreaking consensus on the Paris Agreement, setting a collective goal to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and to limit global temperature increase to well below 2°C, ideally under 1.5°C.

This ambitious vision remains at the heart of each COP meeting, with 2024’s COP29 summit in Baku, Azerbaijan, building on that momentum.

What Is Climate Change, and Why Does It Matter?

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, primarily due to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial agriculture.

Greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane, trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing temperatures to rise, which disrupts ecosystems, accelerates sea level rise, and leads to extreme weather events like droughts, floods, and hurricanes.

Preventing further damage requires urgent action, yet the factors standing in the way are complex. Fossil fuel reliance, high costs for green infrastructure, and inconsistent global policies have slowed progress.

However, recent advancements in clean technologies — such as renewable energy, electric vehicles, and energy-efficient systems — are changing the equation. The economic viability of these technologies has improved dramatically, making the “climate economy” a more feasible goal, where transitioning to green energy isn’t just environmentally responsible but financially beneficial.

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Developments at COP29 in Baku

This year, COP29 in Baku has seen significant activity, with notable participation from world leaders, including Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and British Prime Minister Keir Starmer.

Starmer highlighted the UK's commitment to climate leadership, underscoring the UK’s goal to maintain its influence in global climate policy. As COP29 progresses, it’s clear that the question of climate finance is at the forefront: Who will fund the estimated trillions of dollars required annually to transition the global economy toward sustainability?

The current agenda emphasizes financial commitments toward a $100 billion fund for developing countries, first pledged years ago but still partially unmet.

However, discussions in Baku are pushing further, with projections now reaching upwards of $2 trillion to support developing nations in reducing emissions and building climate resilience.

These ambitious targets are crucial as developing countries face the greatest risk from climate impacts but often lack the resources for comprehensive mitigation efforts.

Funding the Climate Economy: Challenges and Prospects

One of the biggest challenges remains securing adequate funds. The initial $100 billion goal, although symbolically significant, has faced delays and shortfalls, leading to skepticism about whether larger goals, like $2 trillion, can be realized.

The key issue is that while wealthy nations have pledged these amounts, actual disbursements remain limited.

Furthermore, the scale of funding required has grown as the impacts of climate change have intensified, with extreme weather events and natural disasters creating further demands on already-stretched resources.

Explore the Book

Learn How Climate Change Works: How to Save the World from Ourselves

For anyone seeking a deeper understanding of climate change and the steps required to address it, Saygin Çelen’s book, How to Save the World from Ourselves, may be an invaluable resource.

The book provides an introduction to climate change, its causes, and the current status of global efforts to tackle it.

Çelen offers insights into what a climate economy could look like, suggesting practical steps to not only mitigate climate impacts but to foster a sustainable, growth-oriented economic model that supports both people and the planet.

As discussions at COP29 unfold, Çelen’s work serves as an inspiring reminder of the power of individual and collective action.

Explore the Book

How Can the World Raise the $2 Trillion Needed for Developing Countries?

Achieving the $2 trillion funding goal will require innovative solutions. One promising approach is a carbon tax on fossil fuel users — industries such as factories, airlines, and other heavy polluters. Carbon taxes create a financial incentive to reduce emissions, driving companies to adopt cleaner technologies. This tax could raise significant funds globally while accelerating the shift away from fossil fuels.

Other alternatives include “green bonds” for climate-related projects, international climate funds, and public-private partnerships that leverage both governmental and private sector investments. These methods could enable nations to pool resources and share financial risks, making it feasible to fund green projects at a larger scale. Additionally, a climate economy offers opportunities for green jobs, eco-friendly infrastructure, and sustainable industries that would not only address climate issues but also boost economic growth and quality of life worldwide.

Time to Act: Shifting Gears on the Path to Net Zero

Despite the progress made since the Paris Agreement was signed nine years ago, the world remains behind schedule in meeting climate goals. The technology and economic rationale for a climate economy are clearer than ever. But to make a meaningful difference, coordinated policies, bold investments, and a collective commitment to a sustainable future are essential. COP29 offers a critical moment to align on these goals and take decisive action.

As climate change continues to threaten our way of life, we must commit now to a greener, more resilient future. The urgency cannot be overstated: the steps we take today will shape the world for generations to come. Through innovative financing, supportive policies, and a focus on a sustainable climate economy, we have the power to steer our planet in a new direction. The time to act is now.

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Saygin Celen
Saygin Celen

Written by Saygin Celen

Into innovation | design | engineering. Sociable traveller. Check out the link to see how I can be helpful: lnk.bio/Sai_Awaynear or email: saygin@awaynear.com

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